|
The unintended impact of New Jersey's new medical marijuana law on the
workplace
- by
Lowenstein Sandler PC,
Amy Komoroski Wiwi and Nicole P. Crifo
-
USA
-
January 22 2010
|
On January 18, 2010, as one of his final acts before leaving office,
Governor Corzine signed into law the New Jersey Compassionate Use
Medical Marijuana Act, S. 119, 213th Leg., (N.J. 2010)
(“Compassionate Use Act,†or the “Actâ€),
making New Jersey the nation’s fourteenth state to legalize the
use of medical marijuana by qualifying patients. The law will become
effective on July 1, 2010, but in the interim, the Commissioner of the
Department of Health and Senior Services ("DHSS") and the Director of
the Division of Consumer Affairs ("DCA") will begin to take
administrative action to effectuate the provisions of the Act.
Employers
who perform drug testing on job applicants and/or employees should take
the time to revisit their policies on drug use and drug testing to
clearly state their position on medical use of marijuana so as to
navigate the various liabilities that may arise as a result of this
change in the law.
1. Introduction
The Act does not affect federal laws concerning marijuana, but
decriminalizes medical use of marijuana under New Jersey state law under
particular circumstances. Like the thirteen states that already allow
medical marijuana use, New Jersey’s Act was passed to protect
from criminal prosecution patients who use medical marijuana to
alleviate the symptoms or side effects of treatment related to certain
“debilitating medical conditions.†The debilitating
medical conditions covered by the Act include epilepsy, HIV, AIDS,
cancer, ALS and multiple sclerosis, among others. DHSS will maintain a
confidential registry of qualifying patients and issue registry
identification cards to these individuals.
The Act states that a
qualifying patient “shall not be subject to any civil or
administrative penalty, or denied any right or privilege†related
to the medical use of marijuana, but it also explicitly provides that
employers are not required “to accommodate the medical use of
marijuana in any workplace.â€
2. Employers Must Determine Whether They Wish to Consider Medical
Marijuana Use in Making Employment Decisions Based Upon Positive Drug
Test Results
Employers who perform drug testing on employees and job applicants
should consider carefully how they want to respond to the Act. As
mentioned above, the Act specifically exempts employers from
accommodating "the medical use of marijuana in any workplace.â€
Though it is clear that employers are not required to permit employees
to use marijuana in the workplace, the extent to which this carve-out
may apply to an employer's treatment of job applicants or employees who
test positive for marijuana use in connection with routine drug testing,
is not directly addressed.
With certain exceptions, the courts in other
states that have considered similar legislation have generally
determined that employers are not required to accommodate any use of
medical marijuana by its employees or job applicants, whether at or away
from the employer's site. In other words, an employer probably will not
be required to consider whether an employee who tests positive for
marijuana use is a registrant under the state statute when making
employment decisions on the basis of a confirmed positive drug test
result for marijuana.
3. Employers Considering Medical Marijuana Use Must Consider Various
Factors
Whether or not required to do so, employers may wish to permit
applicants and employees who suffer from debilitating medical conditions
to explain a positive drug test result for marijuana, and to avoid
taking adverse employment action against individuals who possess a
registration identification card. Among other things, an employer must
consider:
(1) whether consideration of medical marijuana registry status
could subject it to liability under laws prohibiting disability
discrimination; (2) whether it will be able to verify an individual's
inclusion on the registry; and (3) whether an accommodation of medical
marijuana use is appropriate to a particular workplace.
1. Medical Marijuana Use and Disability Discrimination Laws In
particular, because the Act permits participation only by individuals
suffering from a "debilitating medical condition," employers presented
with registry identification cards will have constructive, if not
actual, notice that the employee or applicant at issue suffers from a
condition that likely qualifies as a disability under the Americans with
Disabilities Act (“ADAâ€) and/or the New Jersey Law Against
Discrimination (“NJLADâ€).
Both the ADA and the NJLAD
prohibit an employer from taking any adverse employment action against a
qualified individual on the basis of that individual's actual or
perceived disability, and may require an employer to provide a
reasonable accommodation to an employee or job applicant, unless doing
so would cause undue hardship for the employer. Employers choosing to
consider an applicant or employee's registration status when confronted
with positive drug test results must be cautious to avoid taking any
adverse action against that employee or applicant that could be
interpreted as being based on that individual's actual or perceived
disability. Accordingly, if an employer determines that it will consider
an individual's inclusion on the medical marijuana registry as a
"defense" to a positive drug test result, the employer should not
thereafter take adverse action against that individual on the basis of
the positive drug test result.
2. Verification of Registrant Status Of concern to employers is the
possibility that its applicants or employees who are not actual
registrants may attempt to use the Act as an excuse for a confirmed
positive drug test result by presenting counterfeit medical marijuana
registry cards. As written, the Act does not provide employers with any
method to verify an individual's inclusion on the registry.
Indeed, the
Act declares the registry list confidential and restricts access to DHSS
and DCA personnel for use in connection with their official duties and
law enforcement personnel as necessary to verify that an alleged medical
marijuana user is lawfully in possession of a registry card. Though it
is possible that the DHSS or DCA may enact regulations that will permit
employers to verify an employee's or applicant's status, employers may
have to coordinate with law enforcement to verify an individual's
registry status, or be unable to do so at all.
3. Workplace Safety and Security Employers may wish to consider the
character of a particular workplace when determining how they will
respond to a qualifying patient who tests positive for marijuana. For
instance, if the use of marijuana â€" even for medical purposes
â€" could pose a threat to the safety of employees in the
workplace, an accommodation of medical marijuana use may not be
possible.
Employers in such a position should consider adopting a policy
that does not permit applicants and employees to explain a positive drug
test result for marijuana by presentation of a registry card. Instead,
those employers should adopt a policy that will treat all individuals
testing positive for marijuana in the same manner regardless of registry
status.
4. What Employers Need to Do
* Review the company’s policies and other documents
addressing drug use and testing (including drug testing consent forms)
and update them as necessary to state your position on medical marijuana
use by job applicants and employees.
* Ensure that all Human Resources and drug testing personnel are
aware of the company’s policy
regarding medical marijuana.
* Adopt appropriate measures for maintaining the confidentiality of
employees'
and applicants' registry status.
* Maintain uniformity in the enforcement of any drug testing policy
and response to positive test results.
* Be cautious when presented with a medical marijuana defense to a
positive drug test, and contact legal counsel whenever an employee
requests an accommodation for medical marijuana use
in order to
determine whether the typical application of the company’s drug
policy is appropriate.
For more on the story, related links,
and to view and post comments, visit - http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d26420f1-7f49-4cd2-bba8-78da57c9b024
The New Jersey State Senate approved the "New Jersey Compassionate use Medical Marijuana Act" (S119)
on Monday, February 23, 2009 at approximately 4:20 PM by a
vote of 22 to 16 in the State House Senate Chambers in Trenton, NJ. Many
supporters of the bill attended the voting session, led by the Coalition for
Medical Marijuana--New Jersey, Inc. (CMMNJ). The senate vote was a significant
step in the legislative process to protect patients who use marijuana on the
recommendation of a physician. The bill will next go to the New Jersey
Assembly, the lower house, for votes in the health committee and entire assembly.
Governor Jon Corzine has said on several occasions that he supports medical
marijuana and that he will sign the bill when it gets to his desk. New Jersey
would become the 14th state in the nation to legalize medical marijuana if it
passes this legislation into law.
S119 will remove the state penalties for the possession, use and cultivation
of a small amount of marijuana when a licensed physician recommends it for a
debilitating medical condition. Qualifying medical conditions include
chronic pain, cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, Crohnâ?Ts disease, etc. Patients
will be issued ID cards in a program run by the New Jersey Department of
Health and Senior Services (DHSS). Patients will be permitted to grow up to six
plants and possess one ounce of marijuana, but they will not be permitted to
use their therapeutic marijuana in public or while operating motor vehicles.
Patients may designate a caregiver or treatment center to grow the plants
for them, but the caregiver/center must also register with DHSS. CMMNJ
Executive Director, Ken Wolski, RN said, â?oThe bill is very conservative. No medical
marijuana state has a smaller plant limit or possession amount. Still, it
will help a tremendous number of patients here. We applaud the senators who
supported this bill.â? The American Nurses Association, the American College of
Physicians, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the American Public Health
Association, the American Academy of HIV Medicine and many other professional
healthcare organizations have endorsed medical marijuana.
CMMNJ, a 501(c)(3) public charity, provides education about the benefits of
safe and legal access to medical marijuana. For more info, contact:
Ken Wolski, RN, MPA, Executive Director
Coalition for Medical Marijuana--New Jersey, Inc.
844 Spruce St., Trenton, NJ 08648
609.394.2137
www.cmmnj.org
more News >>>.
New Jersey (NJ) MJ LEGAL Resources, by NORML.
NORML Legal Committee members, and more for New Jersey, by NORML - the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.
... Visit - http://norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=4552&wtm_view=legal.
Also, here are some national / international Resources -
The Laws concerning marijuana in New Jersey. By NORML, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. Visit: norml.org/index.cfm?wtm_view=&Group_ID=4552
for more.
LegalJoint: New Jersey Marijuana Law. A general overview of marijuana law in the state of New Jersey including legal implications for anyone cultivating, using, selling or in possession of marijuana or paraphernalia. ... New! Medical Marijuana Brief Bank ... Visit:
http://www.legaljoint.net/state_info/US_content.asp
Medicinal Marijuana - State-by-State American Laws | U.S. State Laws on Medical Marijuana Source: CNN Interactive .... Highlights: A licensed pharmacist may dispense cannabis type drugs to a person receiving ... click > here < for more.
U.S. Marijuana Laws, Medical Marijuana Facts, Cannabis, Hemp | Provides U.S. Marijuana Laws, Facts About Marijuana, Marijuana Drug Testing, Drug Detection Times, Medical Marijuana, and Information About Your Rights ... North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon... visit - www.usmarijuanalaws.com
Erowid Cannabis Vault : Legal Status, U.S. LAW | Both Cannabis and Tetrahydrocannabinols, the active chemicals contained in Cannabis plants, are Schedule I in the United States. This means they are federally illegal to cultivate, buy, possess, or distribute (sell, trade or give) in all forms (cannabis plants, extracts, hash, hash oil, thc, etc) except synthetic THC (Marinol) which is Schedule III.
The federal scheduling of Cannabis was disputed in 1988 by Judge Francis Young, an administrative law judge for the DEA, who recommended that marijuana be reclassified as schedule II on the grounds that if a respectable minority of doctors endorse it, then it has a "currently accepted medical use".
Visit: http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_law.shtml
See Contacts section, below, for Organizations and other Resources for Legal Help.
Legal and medical status of cannabis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | Cannabis is in Schedule IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, making it subject to special restrictions. Article 2 provides for the following, in reference to Schedule IV drugs:
A Party shall, if in its opinion the prevailing conditions in its country render it the most appropriate means of protecting the public health and welfare, prohibit the production, manufacture, export and import of, trade in, possession or use of any such drug except for amounts which may be necessary for medical and scientific research only, including clinical trials therewith to be conducted under or subject to the direct supervision and control of the Party.
This provision, while apparently providing for the limitation of cannabis to research purposes only, also seems to allow some latitude for nations to make their own judgments. The official Commentary on the Single Convention indicates that Parties are expected to make that judgment in good faith.
Click > here < for more.
Drug Policy Alliance: Reform in New Jersey | Drug Policy Alliance New Jersey, directed by Roseanne Scotti, is dedicated to making New Jersey a leader in drug policy reform. New Jersey’s ineffective and counterproductive drug policies have increased the harms related to drug use and wasted taxpayer money. Drug Policy Alliance New Jersey advocates for effective drug policies based on science, compassion, health and human rights.
We’ve already achieved significant victories for sterile syringe access and ameliorating the collateral consequences of ineffective drug policies.
... visit:
http://www.drugpolicy.org/about/stateoffices/newjersey/
NORML / A Page Just For You / Medical Marijuana Patients | This section is to help you locate the information you need to become fully informed regarding medical marijuana -- as well as play an important role in changing America’s misguided marijuana laws.
Select One, All States and Canada, Mexico, Europe, Other ... visit:
http://www.norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=4482
DrugInfo - Medical Cannabis: USA > In Search of a Viable Distribution System for Oklahoma's Medical Marijuana Program ... Medicinal Cannabis: USA Federal: Legislation, Court Decisions and Commentaries States: Legislation and Programs. Click here for more.
Others? Will be listed here. As we get the info. You can also check the Events and News sections to see if there are any Items posted there. Know about one yourself? Post it on the Bulletin Board, below.
ASA : New Jersey | Medical cannabis (medical marijuana) resources in New Jersey ... Find info here on the therapeutic uses of and research on medical cannabis. ... visit -
http://www.safeaccessnow.org/article.php?id=282
American Medical Marijuana Association ... Medical Marijuana Farmacy | New Jersey. State registration program, Dept of Health and Social Services 907-465-5423. Colorado. State registration program (303) 692-2184 medical.marijuana ... visit:
http://americanmarijuana.org/
LegalJoint: Medical and Other Marijuana Links. A selection links to HIGH quality canabis web sites, related to medical or recreational mmj use. of Columbia FEDERAL Florida New Jersey Guam New Jersey New Jersey Illinois Indiana New Jersey New Jersey Kentucky New Jersey ... Willie Wortel Workshop. New Jersey Medical Marijuana Institute and Cannabis Club ... visit:
http://www.legaljoint.net/bust.asp
NORML Home / Medical Use by State. All States and Canada Mexico Europe Other ... See Map: www.norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=3376 for more.
Patients Out of Time is a patient advocacy organization with a universal constituency. They support the rights of patients to have a legal and safe access to the therapeutic use of cannabis. The mission of their organization, a 501 (c) 3 non-profit, is the education of health care professionals and the public about the therapeutic use of cannabis. Their leadership is composed of medical and nursing professionals with expertise in the clinical applications of cannabis and five of the seven patients (two wish to remain anonymous) who receive their medical cannabis from the US government. Patients Out of Time is the only national non-profit in the United States that focuses only on therapeutic cannabis issues. Visit - www.medicalcannabis.com
Marijuana Policy Project (MPP). Join the Marijuana Policy Project! State officials confirm Supreme Court decision does not impact state medical marijuana laws. Medical Marijuana Briefing Paper - 2005. Until 1937, marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) was legal in the United States ... Hawaii enacted a medical marijuana law via its state legislature in 2000 and ... Visit: www.mpp.org/medicine.html
DrugSense: Drug Law Reform ... of Justice Statistics, State Court Organization, 1998 (Washington, DC ... Cannabis in Medical Practice: A Legal, Historical and Pharmacological... Visit: www.drugsense.org
OCBC's Links Page. Organizations Supporting Medical-cannabis Reform. Americans for Safe Access(ASA) coordinates "...a nation-wide day of action to push back DEA attempts to re-criminalize medical cannabis! ... Washington Citizens for Medical Rights, sponsored a successful medical cannabis ballot measure in November 1998. "As a result, this Initiative is now State ... Visit: www.rxcbc.org/links.html
Excellent medical info on cannabis, Washington State's I-692 Medical Marijuana Law ... Greencross. Washington State based buyer's cooperative based in Seattle. Trailblazer in state ... Visit: www.seattlehempfest.com/links.php < for more.
Marijuana links. Popular Searches: Medical Marijuana Links. Marijuana Research Links. ... about marijuana, The Washington State Medical Marijuana Act CHAPTER 69.51A RCW This is ... an activist for medical marijuana. Chronic Cannabis Use A report on ... Click > here < for more.
Open Directory - Society: Issues: Health: Drugs: Illegal: Pro-Legalization: Marijuana: Medical Purposes ... to providing medical cannabis to those in need. Initiative 692 - Medical Marijuana - WCMR of Washington State ... use of medical cannabis in the state of Colorado. Medical Marijuana ...
click > here < for more.
Others? Will be listed here. As we get the info. Know about one yourself? Post it on the Bulletin Board, below.
Cannabis Freedom Activist Network | Cannabis Freedom Activist Network's Guide To Cannabis Research is a service of Freedom Activist Network. Browse http://FreedomActivist.Net/index.html
to view the complete guide to Freedom Activist Network.
New Jersey (NJ) - Cannabis.com Forums Message Boards - Medical Marijuana ... | New Jersey (NJ) - State of New Jersey, United States ...
Contact Us - Medical Marijuana, California Cannabis, Cannabis Clubs, Co-Op, ... Visit -
http://boards.cannabis.com/new-jersey-nj/
Ganja Grocer | We are your Medical Marijuana Resource Center. Learn How to Become a Legal Medical Marijuana Patient. If you live in a state with Medical Marijuana Laws, Come visit our forums today! Visit - www.ganjagrocer.com < for more.
CANNABIS.COM - is based in california and focused on providing the best possible resources for future and current medical marijuana patients, activists, and supporters. MessageBoard Forum. Cannabis FAQs. Image & Picture Gallery. Medical Marijuana. Vaporizer FAQ. Advertising Information ...
Visit: www.cannabis.com
Cannabis Community Coalition. Forum for Medical Marijuana & Medicinal Cannabis Patients. ... visit: cannabiscom.blogspot.com < for more.
The Compassionate Coalition's mission: To defend the rights of medical marijuana patients and care providers through education and community participation. A nonprofit grassroots organization that helps build and support local chapters nation-wide, linking them with other medical marijuana reform organizations and resources.
Contact Information -
Mailing Address:
The Compassionate Coalition *
1500 Oliver Road, Ste-K *
P.M.B. #248 *
Fairfield, CA 94533-3473 *
(NOTE: When sending mail to this address, please be sure to write "The Compassionate Coalition" in the address line. Thanks!) *
Fax: (916)266-7455 * or Visit:
www.compassionatecoalition.org/forum
The Amsterdam THC Ministry, First Universal Church of Kantheism, is based on ancient wisdom, modern science and the enlightening and healing properties of the cannabis sacrament.
Their mission includes liberating the sacred cannabis hemp plant and the minds and spirits of those who do and of those who do not revere it. May we all enjoy the rich, abundant, joyful and awakened life that is part of our natural inheritance.
Visit:
www.thc-ministry.net/forum
Ya-Hooka; Health_and_Medicinal/Buyers_Clubs Organizations and Compassion Clubs providing access to medical marijuana ... Co-op ~ The Alternative Relief Co-op is a patient-oriented medical cannabis dispensary located in San Francisco ... It Report Broken Link. Arizona Medical Marijuana Co-Op ~ Click here
for more.
Welcome to the Cannabis Classifieds Want Ads. To buy cannabis for medical purposes is legal in some areas. Here you will find hundreds of medical doctors, professional growers, and prescription patients in need who want to buy cannabis legally but can't find each other. Visit: www.cannabisclassifieds.com/cannabiswant.html
ASA: Events | 3rd Annual Candlelight Vigil for Medical Cannabis Patients Saturday, April 22nd 2006 8 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PhillyNORML will host it's 3rd annual ... visit - www.safeaccessnow.org/calendar.php?calid=315
HempFests | Street Fairs, Festivals and Farmers Markets - Music, Food and Stuff for Sale or Barter - any opportunity for activists to booth, people to gather and businesses to vend ... like any local versions of the Seattle Hempfest ... will be listed here as we find out about them.
Marches | Demonstrations, Rallies and similar Action Items any situation where activists are trying to educate or draw attention to - yet another - victim and people are congregating ... like the Million Marijuana Marches ... will be listed here as we find out about them.
Other Types? Will be listed here. As we get the info. Know about one yourself? Got an Idea? Post it on the Bulletin Board, below.
Others? Will be listed here. As we get the info. Know about one yourself? Post it on the Bulletin Board, below.
The Medical Cannabis and New Jersey - News Feeds >
< Click here to build yours!
See more at
The Media Awareness Project >
Drugnews Archive
... visit -
http://www.mapinc.org/find?GAC=n-us-nj&LABEL=New+Jersey&YY1=1998&DE=Medium
CORZINE SIGNS LAW TO LEGALIZE MEDICAL MARIJUANA |
With New Jersey's endorsement of medical marijuana, there may be no stopping the rehabilitation of cannabis from illegal drug to legitimate therapy.
Late yesterday, Gov. Corzine signed a law making New Jersey the fourteenth state to legalize medical pot. Four more states and the District of Columbia are expected to follow suit by year's end.
Many things are driving this sea change. The federal government last year announced that it would no longer prosecute medical marijuana smokers in states where it is legal, while the National Institutes of Health has begun funding research on medicinal use in a reversal of a long-standing policy.
Gallup Polls show a solid majority of Americans sympathetic to therapeutic marijuana use.
And the usually conservative American Medical Association, along with the Philadelphia-based American College of Physicians, has joined other medical groups in calling for research and development of cannabinoid-based medicines.
Lawyer Keith Stroup, who founded the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) in 1970, rejoiced: "We've had more political progress and public support in the past three years than in the previous 30. We've largely won the hearts and minds of Americans."
Paul Cohen, a physician and lawyer who teaches public health law at Georgetown University, said, "I think we're pretty close to the tipping point."
California's famously liberal medical marijuana law allows the use, possession, and cultivation of marijuana by anyone who possess a "written or oral recommendation" from their physician that he or she "would benefit from medical marijuana."
In contrast, New Jersey's version requires patient identification cards and state-monitored dispensaries - easing fears that medical use will fuel illegal sales and teenage substance abuse.
"That's the exciting thing about New Jersey," Cohen said. "Maybe people's minds will be clearer about the debate."
Pennsylvania is not expected to pass a similar law anytime soon, although Rep. Mark B. Cohen (D., Phila.) last year introduced a bill in the House.
Assemblyman Reed Gusciora, a Democrat from Princeton who sponsored the New Jersey legislation, thinks his bill strikes the right balance between compassion and caution.
"I'm sure college campuses would prefer the California model," he said. "But we made New Jersey's law illness-specific. And the prescription has to be from an actual physician."
New Jersey's law allows marijuana prescriptions for cancer, AIDS, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and other diseases in which patients suffer "severe chronic pain, severe nausea, seizures, or severe and persistent muscle spasms."
Cannabis preparations have been used to relieve nausea and pain since ancient times. But over the last 15 years, research on the body's cannabinoid receptors has begun to decipher the chemistry and biology of these good effects. More recently, clinical trials have shown that these benefits outweigh the concerns about addiction, heart and respiratory diseases, cancers, and psychoses - at least, with short-term use.
Many questions, however, remain to be answered, experts say. One of the biggest is whether smoked medical marijuana could be replaced by a pharmaceutical version.
Marinol, a synthetic cannabinoid pill, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating AIDS-related wasting and chemotherapy-related nausea. But many patients say choking down a slow-acting pill simply doesn't provide the convenient and immediate relief of inhaling pot.
A new drug, Sativex, made by GW Pharmaceuticals, may renew the question. A cannabinoid-based oral spray, Sativex is approved in Canada for treating pain in multiple sclerosis and advanced cancer. The company is now completing the clinical testing needed for approval in Europe and the United States.
"If I were an advocate of medical marijuana, and if Sativex is approved, I would then try to set up a study to show smoked marijuana is better," said Paul Cohen - who, at 75, said he has never tried pot.
Last year, Cohen wrote a law review article criticizing both the government's stubborn criminalization of all marijuana use and individual states' defiant efforts to legitimize medical use.
"Instead," Cohen wrote, "the FDA should . . . evaluate medical marijuana with the same methodology, standards, and diligence that the agency would apply to any other investigational drug."
Just one problem: No pharmaceutical company or advocacy group has stepped up to do the rigorous and costly human testing that would give the FDA data to evaluate.
And no one is likely to. Medical marijuana is winning the war of public sentiment, never mind the war on drugs.
Stroup, 66, attributes this to generational changes.
"My generation believed in 'Reefer Madness,' " he said, referring to the 1937 film in which high school marijuana use led to addiction, murder, suicide, and insanity.
"Over the last 22 years, half of high school graduates have experimented with pot. The majority don't smoke when they get married and have kids, but they have smoked, and they know it didn't turn them into heroin addicts."
Webpage: http://mapinc.org/url/uzsWUZgv
Newshawk: 14th Medical Marijuana State!
Source: Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA)
Author: Marie McCullough, Inquirer Staff Writer
Pubdate: Tue, 19 Jan 2010
Website: http://www.philly.com/inquirer/
Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/340
Referenced: New Jersey Compassionate Use Medical Marijuana Act
Bookmark: (Cannabis - Medicinal - U.S.)
Assembly health committee hears testimony on medical marijuana bill -
Last update: June 5, 2008 |
The 2008 legislative session has started in New Jersey. Two medical marijuana bills have been introduced, A804 and S119. These bills will allow patients with serious debilitating illnesses to use marijuana with their doctors' recommendations.
Assembly committee hearing.
On Thursday, May 22, the Assembly Health and Senior Services Committee held an informational meeting on A804. The hearing went well and generated positive news coverage. This was the first committee hearing on medical marijuana legislation in New Jersey in almost two years and was an important step toward making New Jersey the 13th state to stop arresting seriously ill patients who use medical marijuana to treat their debilitating conditions.
Visit - http://www.mpp.org/states/new-jersey/
New Jersey (NJ) MJ News Feed, by NORML.
Latest news and more for New Jersey, by NORML - the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.
... and more. Visit - norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=4552&wtm_view=news.
NORML News Feed. Visit - http://norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=5858
MarijuanaNews.Com, Freedom has nothing to fear from the truth
... Medical Marijuana Co-operative Writes About Value Of Cannabis For MS Patients. Photo-ID Cards For Washington State Medical ... Visit: www.marijuananews.com/medical_cannabis.htm
(Medical) Marijuana Info - Information. Candidates running for the House of Representatives to the question: "Should smoked marijuana be a medical option now?" ... 10/28/02. Oklahoma House Race - District 1 ... Visit: www.marijuanainfo.net/house3.htm
The American Alliance For Medical Cannabis (AAMC) | Dedicated to bringing patients, caregivers and volunteers the facts they need to make informed decisions about whether Cannabis is the right medicine for them, the laws surrounding Medicinal Marijuana in your area, political activism and even handy recipes and guides to growing your own nontoxic medicine.
visit: http://www.letfreedomgrow.com/news-t21.htm
Cannabis Times. Alternative News Service for Cannabis and Hemp ... Montana Woman on Hunger Strike for Medical Cannabis. Visit Robin's Site * E-Mail the ... The science of medical cannabis continued its climb in estimation of medical professionals and ... visit: www.cannabistimes.com
Common Sense for Drug Policy: Medical Marijuana Facts & News. Tuesday, July 12, 2005. Search using CSDP's own search tool or use. WWW Common Sense. More CSDP News Pages ... card program for medical marijuana patients. The suspension has ... consequences of issuing medical marijuana ID cards that could affect medical marijuana users, their families ... www.csdp.org/news/news/medmar.htm
cannabisnews.com, by DrugSense | a News feed page. Visit:
cannabisnews.com
Stop the Drug War (DRCNet) is an international organization working for an end to drug prohibition worldwide and for interim policy reform in US drug laws and criminal justice system.
visit - stopthedrugwar.org/news
THE REEFER MADNESS ERA, REEFER MADNESS BOOKS (Info, History) By definition, it would be a contradiction in terms to list or classify a Reefer Madness book as a work of "Non-Fiction." Thus both genres are group together here simply as "Hard Cover" books; if only to distinguish them from the "Pulp Fiction" or "Dime Store novels" discussed elsewhere. However where appropriate the terms [Fiction] and [Non-Fiction] are used.
Please take note - This Index consists solely of those books that the museum has been able to locate and is in no way shape or form complete. It should be thought of only as a starting point. Visit: http://www.reefermadnessmuseum.org/book/AHardCover.htm
Pharmacutical Museum Cannabis medical manufacturer | [Made post-1937 medical Cannabis products]. Burrough Brothers Mfg Co. - 123 Market Place, Baltimore, ... Korn Pop Remedy Co. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... visit - www.conquestdesign.com/uncler/MfgIndex.htm
Cannabis Quack Medicines | ... contained it as an ingredient, Medical Cannabis was as common as aspirin is ... the Hazeltine Corp., of Warren Pennsylvania, was founded in 1869, and soon ... visit - antiquecannabisbook.com/chap15/Quack.htm
NORML News Archive. Visit - http://norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=3442
Dr Tod | California doctor braves political pressure to prescribe marijuana for those in need. ... German mother in a small Pennsylvania town during the Depression and ... California Cannabis Resear... Click > here < for more.
Medical Cannabis and Industrial Hemp Re-legalization |... Youth," was, in fact, Cannabis Hemp, the most traded commodity in the world ... visit - www.afgen.com/hemp2.html
Chris Conrad, Author / Activist | Consults with government agencies and physicians including some of the world’s foremost authorities on cannabis and patients as to their knowledge and experiences regarding cannabis.
Court-qualified expert witness in cannabis cultivation, sex, genetics, cloning, crop yields, preparation, smell, medical use, personal use, dosage, consumption, sales, and commercial intent.
Visit:
http://www.chrisconrad.com/expert.witness/cv.html
LESSON PLAN:MEDICAL MARIJUANA - LEGITIMATE USE OR LEGALIZED ABUSE?
By Lisa Prososki, a former middle school and high school social studies, English, reading and technology teacher.
Estimated Time: Approximately 45 minutes/1 class period
Lesson Objectives: (1)
Students will use cooperative learning activities to discuss opinions about medical marijuana use and see both sides of the issue, (2)
Students will use decision making skills and strategies to render their own decision about the U.S. Supreme Court case related to medical marijuana use. Click > here < for more.
Medical Marijuana Pro/Con * Pros & cons on medical marijuana. Science, risks, policies, & laws. Should marijuana be a medical option? This site presents in a simple, nonpartisan pro-con format, responses to the core question "Should marijuana be a medical option?" Divided questions about the topic into the issues and sub-issues listed below. All individuals and organizations quoted on our site are ranked based upon our unique credibility scale. [Note: Although physicians and attorneys are listed on this site, they do not recommend or refer either.] visit: www.medicalmarijuanaProCon.org
Medical Cannabis (marijuana) News, Information, Organizations, Links. Resources and more. visit - http://www.medicalmj.org/
Factbook: Medical Marijuana
1. Since 1996, twelve states have legalized medical marijuana use: AK, CA, CO, HI, ME, MT, NV, NM, OR, RI, VT, and WA. Eight of the twelve did so through the initiative process. Hawaii's law was enacted by the legislature and signed by the governor in 2000, Vermont's was enacted by the legislature and passed into law without the governor's signature in May 2004, Rhode Island's was passed into law over the governor's veto in January 2006, and New Mexico's legislation was signed into law by Governor Bill Richardson on April 2, 2007.
2. The Institute of Medicine's 1999 report on medical marijuana stated, "The accumulated data indicate a potential therapeutic value for cannabinoid drugs, particularly for symptoms such as pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation."
And more. Visit - www.drugwarfacts.org/medicalm.htm
NORML / Medical Use / Introduction | Introduction. Select One Send All States Canada Mexico Europe Other Alabama Alaska Am. ... District of Columbia FEDERAL Florida Georgia Guam Oklahoma Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana of individual patients to use medical cannabis under state law, or the ... visit:
http://www.norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=5441
Medical Marijuana Handbook |
This a draft by Todd. H. Mikuriya MD, a long-time advocate of medical cannabis, respected author and one of the medical staff at the San Francisco Buyers Club. Its patchy, and uncomplete, and acts only as a framework for Dr Todd to store snippets of info on various aspects of medical cannabis.
Marijuana as Medicine - A Plea for Reconsideration, is a commentary article written by Lester Grinspoon and James Bakalar, which appeared in the June 21st 1995 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Medical cannabis web resources. Medical Marijuana Handbook This a draft by Todd. H. Mikuriya MD, a long-time advocate of medical cannabis, respected author and one of the medical staff at ... visit:
http://www.ukcia.org/medical/webresources.html
Medical Marijuana Info Online Resource for Medical Marijuana Information. Partners. Events. Legalization. Doctors. Federal Law(s) Lawyers. Medical/Medicinal. AIDS/HIV. History. Magazines ... Ohio Marijuana Party. Montana. Montana NORML ... Visit: www.medicalmarijuanainfo.com
Medical Marijuana - Master Reference | Note: This page was prepared for the November, 1996 election. Some of the external links may be out of date. ... Cannabis Research Library - A collection ... visit - www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/medical_mj.htm
Cannabis Yields and Dosage | the authoritative study of the science and legalities of calculating medical marijuana. The booklet is available as a PDF by ... visit - www.safeaccessnow.net/yieldsdosage.htm
Medical Marijuana ... to Washington's New Medical Marijuana Law" was adopted to ... The Washington State Medical Marijuana Act CHAPTER 69.51A ... list of professional medical associations. Marijuana as medicine ... Visit:
http://www.hartbrothers.com/medimari.html
MarijuanaNews.Com, Freedom has nothing to fear from the truth
... Court Decision On Medical Cannabis Expected This Week ... Medical Marijuana Co-operative Writes About Value Of Cannabis For MS Patients. Photo-ID Cards For Washington State Medical ... Visit: www.marijuananews.com/medical_cannabis.htm
CCRMG - California Cannabis Research Medical Group - WWW.CCRMG.ORG | Autumn 2004. O'Shaughnessy's. Journal of the California Cannabis Research Medical Group ... medical effects of cannabis. It is unl... visit - www.ccrmg.org/journal/04aut/mikuriya.html
Medical cannabis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A catalog page offering Cannabis sativa extract. Medical cannabis refers to the use of Cannabis as a physician recommended herbal th... visit: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_marijuana
Accepted Medical Use of Cannabis: Medical Professionals by DrugScience.org. | Cannabis's accepted medical use in the United States is increasingly recognized by health care professionals and the medical community. visit: www.drugscience.org/amu/amu_medprof.htm
Proven : Cannabis is Safe Medicine
by Ian Williams Goddard | In reaction to medical cannabis access referendums on the ballots in Arizona and California, former presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George Bush signed a letter stating that they "categorically oppose'' access to cannabis for its many proven therapeutic uses such as the prevention of blindness and epileptic seizures. Their chief concern was that legal medical access would send the message that cannabis is safe. The presidents can, however, lay their safety concerns to rest because the scientific literature overwhelmingly confirms that cannabis is both an effective and safe medicine.
The Cannabis Safety Profile. The journal PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS reports that decades of research prove that, "Compared with legal drugs...marijuana does not pose greater risks." Yet based upon mortality statistics, we can safely conclude that cannabis is one of the safest medical drugs known, for, while prescription drugs, defined as safe by the FDA, kill up to 27,000 and aspirin up to 1,000 Americans per year, cannabis kills 0 per year. Click here for more.
Medicinal Cannabis Cannabis Facts, Cannabis Law, Hemp, Peyote Info, Salvia Divinorum Info ... therapeutic uses for medical cannabis has been entertained in ... 1990's, medical cannabis ballot initiatives have received a majority of votes in Arizona, Arizona, California, Colorado ... visit: http://www.cannabis-growing.com/medicinal-cannabis.htm.
Medical Cannabis Strains - Geoffrey Guy, MD (GW Pharmaceuticals, U.K) |
Founder and President of G.W. Pharmaceuticals in Russia, Dr. Geoffrey Guy's observations about the mammalian Cannabinoid system (with more receptors throughout the body than any other system) are presented to the Second Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics, held in Portland, OR in May, 2002.
First discussing CB1 and CB@ receptors; the modulatory effect on dopamine, GABA and glutamate; and cross-talk with other receptors, Dr. Guy then examines Phyto-Cannabinoids (plant based)THC, CBD and others, with GW's success in producing whole extracts from 3 tonnes/year of dried marijuana and years of genetic breeding to feature both high THC and high CBD strains.
... Visit: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5030388544973469056
Cannabis Headquarters - Medical Cannabis (Marijuana) Strains ... articles about specific medical conditoins and how cannabis ... ever heard of PURPLE Nepal ? ...
... Visit - http://www.cannabishq.com/forum/index.php?topic=612.0.
Medical Cannabis Menu - Safe 420 Deliver...
Purple Russia. Indoor, Indica, very exotic-rare. Purple Nepal.jpg ?
SEO by Artio. Medical Cannabis Delivered! 949-334-3065. info@safe420delivery.org ...
... Visit - http://www.safe420delivery.org/menu.html.
Is Marijuana the Right Medicine for You? | A Factual Guide to Medical Uses of Marijuana by Bill Zimmerman, PhD with Rick Bayer, MD and Nancy Crumpacker, MD, ISBN#0-87983-906-6 (Keats 1998).
Chapter 3: Why All the Controversy? What Does The Research Actually Show? is online at:
http://www.medmjscience.org/Media/pdf/chap3.pdf
Examine the pros, cons, and controversies of marijuana as medicine! | Cannabis is still sending “signals of misunderstanding.”1-3 The result is an exaggeration of beneficial or deleterious effects as well as occasional intermixture of medical science with other moral categories. This book deals with health aspects of the cannabis plant and the cannabinoids while mainly factoring out societal aspects. Some authors refer to social topics that require discussion even within the bounds of a narrow handling of medicinal aspects.
“Cannabis and Cannabinoids; Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential”. Edited by Franjo Grotenhermen, MD; Nova-Institut GmBH, Hürth, Germany and Ethan Russo, MD; Montana Neurobehavioral Specialists, Missoula, Montana. Hard Cover (ISBN-13: 978-0-7890-1507-7, ISBN-10: 0-7890-1507-2) $79.95
Marijuana Rx: The Patient's Fight for Medicinal Pot (Book) by Robert Randall & Alice O'Leary * This is a story of government betrayal -- a betrayal that continues today. But it is also a story of human courage and perseverance. Please take the time to read this book. Afterall, none of us are immune from the illnesses that marijuana can treat -- glaucoma, cancer, multiple sclerosis and more. Some day you might need medical access to marijuana. We pray that it will be as simple as a doctor's prescription. Full text articles, news summaries, supporting organizations and states, additional resources, and information on medical marijuana. Visit: marijuana-as-medicine.org
Medical Marijuana Your search on medical marijuana has brought you to Questia, the world's largest online academic library. The Questia online library offers reliable books, journals, and articles that you can trust on medical marijuana. With Questia you can quickly research, cite, and quote with complete confidence. Save substantial time without sacrificing research quality. Research Medical Marijuana Find quality info at the world's online library. 435,000 books, articles. Search or read full text, highlight, cite and auto-create bibliographies and get a personal bookshelf. Click here
for more.
Laboratory, grade A cannabis specially imported from America ... the California Cannabis Research Medical Group, Summer 2003 ... the California Cannabis Research Medical Group, Summer 2003 ... Visit: http://www.freedomactivist.net/cannabisresearch.html
LegalJoint: Medical and Other Marijuana Links. A selection links to HIGH quality canabis web sites, related to medical or recreational mmj use. ... Visit:
http://www.legaljoint.net/bust.asp
Marijuana links. Popular Searches: Medical Marijuana Links. Marijuana Research Links. ... about marijuana, The Washington State Medical Marijuana Act CHAPTER 69.51A RCW This is ... an activist for medical marijuana. Chronic Cannabis Use A report on ... Click > here < for more.
Cannabis - Medical Wonder Drug or Worldwide Anathema?
Cannabis - you'll hear it called wacky backy, marijuana, weed, puff, smoke, pot, ... countries such as Morocco , Lebanon , Pakistan , Nepal , Afghanistan and India ...
Major producer countries such as Morocco , Lebanon , Pakistan , Nepal ,
Afghanistan and India compete in a bouyant market, with around 40% of the weed coming from the "cannabis farms" in Morocco . Significant amounts are also starting to be produced in North America and Europe .
... Visit - http://www.guide4living.com/drugabuse/cannabis.htm.
Medical 101 (Links, “Web-Ring”) * A potential starting point for Medical Cannabis info. Find what you're looking for! Visit: www.medical-101.com/
Marijuana Drug Slang Dictionary | Drug Slang Dictionary - Marijuana.
Click here for more.
Our Rights and Freedoms | The U.S. Constitution and it's Bill of Rights bestow our rights and freedoms as Americans. Court interpretations and decisions, like the Supreme Court's Miranda rights ruling define the sco...
Click > here < for more.
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